原料药作为药品生产的上游核心环节,其市场垄断问题已成为医药行业的治理难点。本文基于我国原料药市场现状,从宏观制度、中观市场结构、微观企业行为等维度分析垄断形成的原因,并结合国内实践,提出治理策略。研究显示,准入门槛高、竞争机制缺失等是垄断频发的核心诱因,未来需通过加强监管制度建设、优化集采政策、注重部门间协同、强化行业自律等多元路径实现治理突破。

As the upstream core link of pharmaceutical production, the market monopoly issue of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) has become a governance challenge in the healthcare industry. This paper analyzes the causes of monopoly from macro system, middle market structure, micro enterprise behavior based on the current landscape of China's API market, proposing governance strategies informed by domestic practice. The study revealed that high market entry barriers and deficient competition mechanisms constitute primary drivers of recurring monopolies, necessitating multidimensional solutions including sound construction of regulatory system, optimized centralized procurement policies, enhanced coordination between different departments, and strengthened industry self-discipline to achieve breakthroughs in governance.