摘要
本研究围绕药品慈善捐赠机制在完善我国多层次医疗保障体系中的作用展开探讨。随着社会经济发展与人口老龄化,医疗保障需求日益增长,构建多层次医疗保障体系成为关键民生任务。药品慈善捐赠在我国多层次医疗保障体系中定位独特,它可以补充基本医疗保险保障范围不足,提高创新药及罕见病用药可及性,促进医疗公平。我国药品慈善捐赠主要通过制药企业与第三方受赠组织合作的方式开展,涵盖共助模式、全额免费模式和资金援助模式,并覆盖多种疾病治疗领域。我国药品慈善捐赠机制历经二十年发展积淀,形成相对成熟的操作流程和多样化的捐助方式,但在运行效能提升、完善多层次医疗保障体系等方面仍面临诸多挑战。国际上,尤其是英美等国,在捐赠范围、提供技术服务与病程管理方面的经验为我国提供了借鉴,如美国的药品援助项目模式、英国的患者支持项目模式。本研究梳理和归纳了七种药品捐赠模式,并分析各种捐赠模式适合场景和各自特点。同时,呼吁完善法规政策与监管机制,加强捐赠组织能力建设,建立与基本医保的协作关联机制,提升公众认知与参与度,充分发挥药品慈善捐赠在多层次医疗保障中的补充作用,助力完善我国多层次医疗保障体系。
Abstract
This study explores the role of charitable drug donation mechanisms in improving the multi-tier healthcare insurance system in China. With socio-economic development and population aging, the growing demand for healthcare necessitates the establishment of a multi-tier healthcare security system as a crucial task of livelihood. Charitable drug donations hold a unique position within this framework, supplementing basic medical insurance coverage, enhancing accessibility to innovative and rare disease drugs, and promoting healthcare equity. In China, such donations primarily operate through collaborations between pharmaceutical enterprises and third-party organizations, employing three models (co-pay, full exemption, and financial aid) across multiple therapeutic areas. Although China's charitable drug donation mechanism has developed relatively mature operation procedures and diversified approaches over two decades of evolution, challenges persist in optimizing operation efficiency and improving the multi-tier healthcare security system. International experience, particularly from the United States (Patient Assistance Programs, PAP) and the United Kingdom (Patient Support Programs, PSP), offers valuable insights regarding donation scope, technical service, and disease course management. This research systematically categorizes seven pharmaceutical donation models while analyzing their applicable scenarios and distinctive characteristics. Meanwhile, it advocates for improvement of laws, policies, and regulatory mechanisms, strengthening organizational capacity building, establishing collaborative mechanisms with basic medical insurance, and enhancing public awareness and participation. These measures aim to fully leverage the supplementary role of charitable drug donations in perfecting China's multi-tier healthcare security system.
关键词
药品慈善捐赠 /
患者援助项目 /
多层次医疗保障体系 /
基本医疗保险
Key words
charitable drug donations /
patient assistance programs /
multi-tier healthcare security system /
basic medical insurance
于小泳, 叶京云, 童刚, 赵婧, 耿莉莉, 刘忻.
药品慈善捐赠在完善我国多层次医疗保障体系中的作用[J]. 中国医疗保险. 2025, 0(3): 34-43 https://doi.org/10.19546/j.issn.1674-3830.2025.3.004
The Role of Charitable Drug Donations in Improving the Multi-Tier Healthcare Security System in China[J]. China Health Insurance. 2025, 0(3): 34-43 https://doi.org/10.19546/j.issn.1674-3830.2025.3.004
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