目的: 考察当前城乡对社区照护需求程度及其城乡影响因素的共性与差异。方法: 本研究根据2017年—2018年CLHLS针对65岁及以上老年人的调查数据,利用安德森行为模型建立指标体系,使用logistic二元回归模型进行全国和城乡分析。结果: 研究发现,城乡对于社区照护都有强烈需求,其中乡村需求程度更高。在城乡影响因素的共性上,孤独感对老年人社区照护服务需求影响强烈,也体现出社区照护相对其他照护形式的突出优势;差异主要体现在就业性质以及收入等因素方面。结论: 未来社区照护服务应当重视精神慰藉方面的功能建设,同时针对城乡不同需求特征进行差异化设计,尤其是推动照护资源下沉乡村社区,以弥补乡村照护资源短板。

Objective: The paper explores the degree of demand for community care services in urban and rural areas and the contributing factors. Methods: Based on the survey data of CLHLS for the elderly aged 65 and above from 2017 to 2018, this study establishes the index system by Anderson behavior model and analyzes the differences across the country and between urban and rural areas by logistic binary regression model. Results: There is strong demand for community care both in the urban and rural areas and the rural areas proves to be more demanding. As to the similarities of contributing factors in urban and rural areas, loneliness has a strong impact on the demand for community care services for the elderly, which also reflects the prominent advantages of community care over other forms of care. The influence of nature of employment and income differs significantly. Conclusion: Community care services should pay attention to the functional construction of spiritual comfort, and carry out differentiated design according to the different demand characteristics of urban and rural areas. We should promote the distribution of care resources to rural communities to strengthen rural care resources.