Justification of Legitimacy and Institutional Construction of Compulsory Enrollment in Urban and Rural Residents' Basic Medical Insurance

China Health Insurance ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4) : 52-61.

China Health Insurance ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4) : 52-61. DOI: 10.19546/j.issn.1674-3830.2026.4.005
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Justification of Legitimacy and Institutional Construction of Compulsory Enrollment in Urban and Rural Residents' Basic Medical Insurance

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Abstract

At present, China’s urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance operates on a voluntary participation principle, whereas social health insurance abroad generally adopts a compulsory enrollment model. The latter is more consistent with the risk-sharing mechanism of insurance and is also conducive to improving equity in healthcare financing and institutional sustainability. The 2025 Draft Healthcare Security Law of the People’s Republic of China continues the legislative orientation of voluntary participation, which creates a notable tension with the institutional positioning of basic medical insurance as the government's fulfillment of its medical care obligation. Based on the principle of mutual aid and the theory of social solidarity, this paper argues that the urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance should establish a legislative path of compulsory enrollment. Specifically, legislation should clarify the participation obligation of eligible subjects and establish a proportional legal liability mechanism to ensure a reasonable allocation of obligations and liabilities, thereby effectively improving the accessibility and equity of basic medical services.

Key words

basic medical insurance / compulsory enrollment / mutual aid and solidarity / government obligations / legal regulation

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Justification of Legitimacy and Institutional Construction of Compulsory Enrollment in Urban and Rural Residents' Basic Medical Insurance[J]. China Health Insurance. 2026, 0(4): 52-61 https://doi.org/10.19546/j.issn.1674-3830.2026.4.005

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