Objective:The paper explores the differentiated design logic of centralized procurement rules for special categories of pharmaceuticals using blood products as an example, providing empirical references for improving China’s centralized volume-based procurement system. Methods:The study employed a combination of desk research, field visits, data analysis, and expert interviews. Results:Blood products are characterized by scarce raw materials, inflexible cost structures, and long production cycles. Centralized procurement faces challenges such as mismatches between rigid volume commitments and dynamic clinical demand, conflicts between price reduction pressure and high cost structures, and limitations on clinical payment affecting accessibility. In response to these challenges, various regions have adopted differentiated approaches in the design of centralized procurement rules, forming distinct policy approaches. Among them, the differentiated centralized procurement rules implemented by the Guangdong Alliance have achieved moderate price reductions, effectively ensuring market stability and supply resilience. Conclusion:Centralized procurement of blood products should adhere to a clinical value-oriented approach and establish a refined governance system that balances cost management goals with supply resilience. This includes developing a flexible volume commitment mechanism, optimizing price formation mechanisms, improving a risk prevention and control system centered on “quality assurance and stable supply”, and simultaneously enhancing the coordination between medical insurance payment and clinical use, thereby systematically improving the supply security and accessibility of blood products.
Key words
blood products /
rules of volume-based drug procurement /
differentiated design /
flexible volume commitment mechanism
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