This paper systematically reviews the institutional construction and practice of real-world data in charging item initiation and medical insurance admission of innovative medical technologies in China, providing inspiration for the item initiation, pricing, and payment of new price items in other regions. This article reviews the national-level policies on the item initiation, pricing and medical insurance access of innovative medical technology charges, summarizes the practice of typical regions in applying real-world data to the management of new price items, analyzes the logic of applying real-world data to the item initiation, pricing, medical insurance access and payment of innovative medical technology charges, and gains insights for optimizing the application, item initiation, pricing and medical insurance access management of new price items in other regions: promoting the conditional application model for new price items and conducting trials first for those who achieve clinical and economic effects as promised. The formation of real-world data during the regular implementation period can be used to provide a basis for the inclusion of innovative medical technologies in the medical insurance catalogue.