The dual demand of elderly people for elderly care services and medical services not only challenges the traditional allocation and supply model of medical resources and elderly care resources, but also puts forward new requirements for the security policies, governance systems, and governance capabilities of the healthcare security system. Based on the main characteristics and development status of China's medical and elderly care integration model, this article analyzes the challenges of China's healthcare security policies and governance system, and proposes that China's medical and elderly care integration has initially formed operational models such as running hospitals in elderly care institutions, running elderly care institutions in hospitals, and running medical and elderly care in primary medical institutions, which means demands for better healthcare security of outpatient and community general medical services, as well as requirements for better healthcare security governance and regulatory capabilities. Meanwhile, it is necessary to draw a clear line with and coordinate with long-term care insurance.