As an important part of social security, the security and stability of medical insurance fund directly affect the public welfare and social stability. At present, the crime of medical insurance fraud shows the characteristics of diversified criminal subjects, multiple criminal means, concealed criminal behaviors and huge amount of crime. However, when investigating criminal cases of medical insurance fraud, investigation authorities have difficulty in investigation and collection of evidence, detection and cooperation, recovery of funds, and weak legal awareness of related parties. It is urgent to explore investigation approaches from multiple dimensions such as in-depth promotion of special investigation, big data empowerment, detection and cooperation, recovery of funds, publicity of law and public opinion guidance, so as to effectively protect the security of medical insurance funds and maintain social justice and stability.