Objective: The paper attempts to provide a reference for pharmaceutical price reform and optimization of the payment standard of medical insurance in China. Methods: We studied the pharmaceutical price governance tools in Germany, Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada and Singapore by searching official policy documents issued by governments and journal articles, and analyzed the different price formation mechanisms during the drug life cycle. Results and Conclusions: All the countries have comprehensively utilized price governance methods such as free pricing, value-based pricing, reference pricing, cost-based pricing, total expenditure control, price freezing, mandatory rebates, ceiling price and parallel import at different stages of the drug life cycle. It is recommended to adopt differentiated governance strategies around the drug life cycle, improve the reference pricing mechanism and the application of health technology assessment in China's drug pricing and medical insurance access, dynamically adjust drug prices, and strengthen the synergy and cooperation between related organizations.
Key words
pharmaceutical price governance /
the payment standard of medical insurance /
drug life cycle /
health technology assessment
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