Objective: The paper analyzes the impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) capitation on PD utilization rate, patient health outcome and medical expenses, and provides a reference for optimizing hospital management and deepening medical insurance payment reform. Methods: Based on claim data of kidney dialysis outpatient special disease patients in Tianjin City from 2018 to 2020, descriptive analysis and difference in difference model were carried out to evaluate the impact of the reform on the number of PD patients, the frequency of health monitoring examinations, the number of outpatient special disease visits and the medical expenses. Results: After PD capitation was implemented, the number of PD patients and the frequency of health monitoring examinations both increased, and the number of outpatient visits and medical expenses did not change significantly. Conclusion: The reform of medical insurance payment stimulated the initiative of hospitals to carry out PD, promote health monitoring, while the impact on medical expenses needs to be evaluated by long-term follow-up.