Objective: The paper analyzes the effect of national centralized procurement of artificial joint through comparison of disease cost. Methods: According to the medical records of first page in 11 hospitals paid by diagnosis-related groups to hip joint replacement and knee joint replacement, the changes of case number, average hospitalization days, and disease costs were analyzed before and after national centralized procurement of artificial joints. Results: Compared with before the national centralized procurement of artificial joints (June to September 2022), after the procurement of (January to April 2022), the average hospitalization costs of hip joint replacement and knee joint replacement were significantly reduced by 22.50% (p<0.01) and 20.51% (p<0.01) respectively, in which the cost of medical consumable decreased by 41.73% (p<0.01) and 33.00% (p<0.01), but the cost of drugs increased by 16.15% and 12.98%, and the average hospitalization days were extended by 12.46% and 2.96% respectively. Conclusions: National centralized procurement of artificial joints can effectively promote the price of artificial joints to return to a reasonable level, and the hospitalization expenses of related diseases can be significantly reduced, which can effectively reduce the burden of patients. However, there are great differences in the cost structure of disease types among different hospitals. It is suggested that the medical insurance department should strengthen the supervision of centralized procurement of consumables, and medical institutions should improve the internal control assessment of centralized procurement of consumables, and strengthen the refined control of the cost of disease types.