Objective: The paper analyzes the implementation of the national centralized drug procurement in Yunnan Province, explores the problems concerned by policy stakeholders and puts forward suggestions accordingly. Methods: We conducted statistical analysis of 118 drugs of centralized procurement with a total of 3 batches, selecting the time period before and after the policy implementation for comparison. Guided by policy objectives, we analyzed policy documents and official media news, and selected four primary indicators, i.e. accessibility, impact on drugs, impact on medical treatment, and impact on medical insurance. By literature review and consulting experts, 19 secondary indicators such as affordability and average outpatient drug cost per visit were introduced. Based on the execution time of national centralized drug procurement, the first three batches of centralized drug procurement were selected as the research objects. A longitudinal analysis was conducted before and after the implementation of policies, and a horizontal analysis was conducted on the overall situation of Yunnan Province and the country. We selected some representative varieties for analysis and judgment based on indicators such as resident prevalence, medication, procurement volume, procurement completion rate, and generic drug substitution rate. Excel, spss statistics and other software were used to clean and integrate the data collected, and statistical means such as the variance analysis and Chi-square test were used to analyze the differences and trends of the data before and after the implementation of the policy. Results: After the implementation of the national centralized drug procurement policy, the proportion of drugs, the drug price and the proportion of adverse drug reactions reported decreased by 1.00%, 81.14% and 2.44%, respectively. The cost of the other 6 indicators increased, specifically, the growth rate of delivery rate was 6.00%, the average outpatient drug cost was 9.87%, the average inpatient drug cost was 2.71%, the industry concentration rate was 0.60%, the generic drug replacement sum rate was 29.03%, and the generic drug quantity replacement rate was 37.99%. Conclusions: The policy target of centralized drug procurement in Yunnan Province has been basically achieved. The drugs of national centralized drug procurement have promoted the accessibility of drugs, purified the industry conduct, gradually restructured the enterprise scale, and reduced the burden on medical insurance funds. However, the average outpatient drug costs and average inpatient drug costs are both increasing, consistent with the overall national trend. Although the national drug procurement reduced the drug price, the average outpatient drug cost per time increased instead, indicating that the control effect of centralized procurement on the total drug cost was not ideal, and the improvement effect on the concentration ratio of the industry in Yunnan Province was not obvious. It is suggested to always adhere to the leading position of the government, constantly expand the scope of national procurement, and give full play to the advantages of big data trading platform to scientifically guide the procurement and reporting work of hospitals. After the implementation of drugs, it is necessary to gradually strengthen the monitoring of drug trade, improve and implement supporting measures of policies, andcalculate of the proportion of medical insurance funds saved from centralized procurement, so as to gradually promote the progress and development of medical technology.