Objective: The paper comprehensively evaluates the equity and efficiency of the clinical department of a Class III hospital under DRG payment, and provides suggestions for the improvement of DRG payment method reform. Methods: The evaluation index system was established, and the entropy weight-TOPSIS and RSR methods were combined to determine the weight and ranking of each index of the sample. The efficiency of the department was explored by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) under DRG. The four-quadrant graph model was used to visualize and analyze the equity and efficiency results. Results: The top two evaluation indicators were DRG weight and cost consumption index. The results of RSR grading for disease types were good (>0.73), medium (0.33-0.73), and poor (<0.33). The results of RSR grading for departments were good (>0.80), medium (0.27-0.80), and poor (<0.27). 83% of the departments and diseases are concentrated in the "mid-range". The mean value of comprehensive efficiency in the efficiency evaluation of clinical departments was 0.858, the mean value of pure technical efficiency was 0.581, the mean value of scale efficiency was 0.965, and only one clinical department reached DEA relative effectiveness. Conclusion: There are differences in equity and efficiency between disease types and departments. DRG payment reform needs to balance equity and efficiency, refine and improve disease types, optimize resource allocation, and promote fine hospital management.