Objective: The paper studies the inpatient cost data of 10 hospitals implementing DIP policy in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2020, identifies the main factors affecting the change of inpatient cost structure of different hospitals, and analyzes the influence of each factor on the change of inpatient cost structure. Methods: The degree of structural variation analysis method was used to analyze the five-year inpatient data, and descriptive statistics were used to compare and analyze the annual changes of various expenses in secondary and tertiary hospitals before and after the implementation of DIP policy. Results: Before the implementation of DIP policy, the main factors affecting the structural changes of inpatient expenses in secondary hospitals were medical service revenue and medicine expenses, while the main factors affecting tertiary hospitals were consumables and medicine expenses. After the implementation of DIP policy, the main factors affecting secondary hospitals are medical examination and medicine expenses, and the main factors affecting tertiary hospitals are medical service revenue. Conclusion: After the implementation of DIP policy, medical examination expenses contributed the most to the change of inpatient cost structure in secondary hospitals, and medical service revenue contributed the most to the change of inpatient cost structure in tertiary hospitals. During the five years,although the proportion of medical service revenue in the inpatient revenue of secondary hospitals has increased significantly, it is less affected by DIP policy, and the cost structure of secondary hospitals needs to be optimized. The proportion of medical service revenue in the inpatient revenue of tertiary hospitals has increased as a whole and is obviously affected by DIP policy, which can better reflect the consumption of clinical resources and the medical technology value of medical staff.