It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of healthcare security fund vertically, and at the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the expansion of supervision horizontally. With the analysis of the case of a large-sum sale of counterfeit drugs, this article discusses the legal principle and practice of extending the scope of medical insurance fund supervision to the criminal field. It is suggested that the healthcare security departments should take the initiative and actively recover the illegally used funds. Meanwhile, it is suggested that in criminal cases such as the production and sale of counterfeit drugs and frauds involving medical insurance funds, the protection of healthcare security funds and compensation of fund losses should be fixed as legal steps. In civil cases such as medical accidents, medical injury disputes, traffic accidents, and personal injuries, the healthcare security department has the same rights as civil parties should be confirmed.