Objective: The paper compares and analyzes the implementation and selection of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) dominant diseases in various provinces and cities, so as to provide a reference for the implementation of TCM medical insurance payment reform in China. Methods: By means of policy review and literature research, the selection of TCM dominant diseases implemented in 8 provinces and 24 cities was analyzed. Results: There were differences in the number, the scope and mode of payment, the actual selection of diseases, and the payment standard of TCM dominant diseases among the provinces and cities studied. Conclusion: The differences in the implementation of TCM dominant diseases in various provinces and cities lie in the different degree of attention, understanding and maturity of the policy. The principles and departments for selecting diseases in various provinces and cities are same, but the specific diseases selected are different, and the coding of diseases is not standardized. The payment standards for TCM dominant diseases in various provinces and cities can be further optimized based on the characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment services.