It is necessary to realize the modernization of the medical security governance system and governance capacity. Through literature research, current situation investigation, and expert interviews, this research applies root cause analysis to extract three root causes of governance issues from thirteen types of problems and five major problem areas. This research focuses on the healthcare security governance, the core conceptual connotation of the governance system, system structure and functional element framework of the healthcare security governance system. Guided by the short-term, mid-term and long-term reform goals of promoting the governance system, we propose a systematic development plan for the construction of the healthcare security governance system, and prospectively propose the realization path of the “one axis, four beams, eight pillars” reform plan for the system, and our research will provide a theoretical reference for the governance pattern of "co-construction, co-governance, and sharing" of China's healthcare security.