Objective: The paper investigates the cognition and recognition of DRG payment by doctors and administrators and its impact on medical behavior, and provides suggestions for the refinement of hospital management and the improvement and promotion of the national medical insurance payment system. Methods: Questionnaires for doctors and administrators were distributed and the data were analyed by SPSS. Results: Doctors and administrators have good self-assessment of DRG cognition with poor scores of objective questions, but the two groups have a strong willingness to understand DRG policies and show high recognition of DRG. The cognitive and recognition of DRG by doctors and administrators will affect the diagnosis and treatment behavior. Suggestion: Targeted publicity and training should be strengthened, the positive feedback mechanism should be established and improved, and positive guidance for diagnosis and treatment behavior should be conducted.