Co-governance is the essence of stakeholder theory and the essence of cooperation mechanism for healthcare security fund supervision. As far as the layout of the subjects is concerned, core stakeholders such as government departments in charge of healthcare security fund supervision department, special control organizations, judicial departments, other social organizations or individuals form an ecosystem of healthcare security fund supervision co-governance. From the perspective of mode innovation, the practical experience of healthcare security fund supervision in various countries is mainly reflected in the multifaceted cooperation between internal and external organizations, law enforcement and education, and the personal participation of whistleblowers and patients.